Lê Ngọc Hoà
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Nội dung chính
1. Cách dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành trong tiếng Anh
1.1. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được dùng để nói về các sự việc vừa mới xảy ra và hậu quả của nó vẫn còn ảnh hưởng đến hiện tại
Ví dụ:
- I’ve broken my watch so I don’t know what time it is.
Tôi đã làm vỡ đồng hồ nên tôi không biết bây giờ là mấy giờ.
- They have cancelled the meeting.
Họ đã hủy buổi họp.
- She’s taken my copy. I don’t have one.
Cô ấy đã lấy bản của tôi. Tôi không có cái nào.
- The sales team has doubled its turnover.
Phòng kinh doanh đã tăng doanh số bán hàng lên gấp đôi.
1.2. Khi nói về sự việc mới diễn ra gần đây, dùng các từ như ‘just’ ‘already’ hay ‘yet’
- We’ve already talked about that.
Chúng ta đã nói về việc đó.
- She hasn’t arrived yet.
Cô ấy vẫn chưa đến.
- I’ve just done it.
Tôi vừa làm việc đó.
- They’ve already met.
Họ đã gặp nhau.
- They haven’t known yet.
Họ vẫn chưa biết.
- Have you spoken to him yet?
Anh đã nói chuyện với anh ta chưa?
- Have they got back to you yet?
Họ đã trả lời cho anh chưa?
1.3. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành dùng để nói về sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ và vẫn còn tiếp diễn ở hiện tại
Cách dùng này sẽ sử dụng ‘since’ và ‘for’ để cho biết sự việc đã kéo dài bao lâu.
Ví dụ:
- I have been a teacher for more than ten years.
Tôi dạy học đã hơn 10 năm.
- We haven’t seen Janine since Friday.
Chúng tôi đã không gặp Janine từ thứ Sáu.
- How long have you been at this school?
Anh công tác ở trường này bao lâu rồi?
- For 10 years/Since 2002.
Được 10 năm rồi/Từ năm 2002.
Xem thêm: Tổng hợp bài tập phân biệt a little, a few, little, few
1.4. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được dùng khi nói về trải nghiệm hay kinh nghiệm
Thường dùng ‘ever’ và ‘never’ khi nói về kinh nghiệm.
Ví dụ:
- Have you ever been to Argentina?
Anh đã từng đến Argentina chưa?
- I think I have seen that movie before.
Tôi nghĩ trước đây tôi đã xem bộ phim đó.
- Has he ever talked to you about the problem?
Anh ấy có nói với anh về vấn đề này chưa?
- I’ve never met Jim and Sally.
Tôi chưa bao giờ gặp Jim và Sally.
- We’ve never considered investing in Mexico.
Chúng tôi chưa bao giờ xem xét việc đầu tư ở Mexico.
1.5. Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành để nói về sự việc xảy ra và lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ
- We’ve been to Singapore a lot over the last few years.
Những năm vừa qua, chúng tôi đi Singapre rất nhiều lần.
- She’s done this type of project many times before.
Cô ấy đã làm loại dự án này rất nhiều lần.
- We’ve mentioned it to them on several occasions over the last six months.
Trong 6 tháng vừa rồi, chúng tôi đã nhắc việc này với họ rất nhiều lần rồi.
- The army has attacked that city five times.
Quân đội đã tấn công thành phố đó 5 lần.
- I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
Tôi đã làm 4 bài kiểm tra và 5 bài thi trong học kỳ này.
- She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.
Bà ấy đã nói với nhiều chuyên gia về vấn đề của bà, nhưng chưa ai tìm ra được nguyên nhân bà bị bệnh.
2. Cấu trúc thì hiện tại hoàn thành Tiếng Anh
| Câu khẳng định | Câu phủ định | Câu nghi vấn |
| S+ have/has + V3 + (O) Ví dụ: – I have spoken to him. – I’ve been at this school for 10 years. | S+ have not/has not + V3 + (O)- S+ haven’t/hasn’t+ V3 + (O) Ví dụ: – I haven’t spoken to him yet. – I haven’t ever been to Argentina. | (Từ để hỏi) + have/has + S+ V3 + (O)? Ví dụ: – Have you spoken to him yet? – How long have you been at this school? |
3. Bài tập thì hiện tại hoàn thành có đáp án
Bài tập
Bài tập 1: Chia động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành
- The bill isn’t right. They (make)………….. a mistake.
- Don’t you want to see this programme? It ………….(start).
- I (turn)……….. the heating on. It’ll soon get warm in here.
- ……..they (pay)…….. money for your mother yet?
- Someone (take)………………. my bicycle.
- Wait for few minutes, please! I (finish)……………. my dinner.
- ………you ever (eat)………….. Sushi?
- She (not/come)…………… here for a long time.
- I (work)………….. here for three years.
- ………… you ever …………..(be) in New York?
- You (not/do) ………….your project yet, I suppose.
- I (just/ see)………. Andrew and he says he ……..already (do)………. about half of the plan.
- I ………..just (decide)……… to start working next week.
- He (be)…………. at his computer for seven hours.
- She (not/ have) ……………any fun a long time.
- My father (not/ play)……….. any sport since last year.
- I’d better have a shower. I (not/ have)………. one since Thursday.
- I don’t live with my family now and we (not/ see)…………. each other for five years.
- I…… just (realize)…………… that there are only four weeks to the end of term.
- The train drivers (go)……… on strike and they stopped working at twelve o’clock.
- How long…….. (you/ know)………. each other?
- ……….(You/ take)………… many photographs?
- (She/ eat)………………. at the Royal Hotel yet?
- He (live) ………….here all his life..
- Is this the second time he (lose)……………. his job?
- How many bottles………… the milkman (leave) ………….? He (leave) ……….. six.
- I (buy)…………. a new carpet. Come and look at it.
- She (write)………….. three poems about her fatherland.
- We (finish) ……………………three English courses.
- School (not, start)……………..yet.
Xem thêm: Thì quá khứ hoàn thành và quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Bài tập 2: Chuyển đổi từ hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ đơn (và ngược lại)
- This is the first time he went abroad.
-> He hasn’t………………………………………………………………………………..
- She started driving 1 month ago.
-> She has………………………………………………………………………………..
- We began eating when it started to rain.
-> We have………………………………………………………………………………….
- I last had my hair cut when I left her.
-> I haven’t……………………………………………………………………………………
- The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.
-> She hasn’t…………………………………………………………………………………
- It is a long time since we last met.
-> We haven’t…………………………………………………………………………………
- When did you have it?
-> How long……………………………………………………………………………………
- This is the first time I had such a delicious meal.
-> I haven’t…………………………………………………………………………………….
- I haven’t seen him for 8 days.
-> The last……………………………………………………………………………………
- I haven’t taken a bath since Monday.
-> It is……………………………………………………………………………………………
Bài tập 3: Chia các động từ trong ngoặc ra thì simple past hoặc present perfect
- We (study)……………a very hard lesson the day before yesterday.
- We (study)…………………………………………almost every lesson in this book so far.
- We (watch)……………………..that television program.
- We (watch)…………………an interesting program on television last night.
- My wife and I………………………………….(travel) by air many times in the past
- My wife and I (travel)……………………………. to Mexico by air last summer
- I (read)………………that novel by Hemingway several times before.
- I (read)…………………….that novel again during my last vacation.
- I (have)…………………….a little trouble with my car last week.
- However, I (have)……………………. no trouble with my car since then.
Bài tập 4: Khoanh tròn đáp án đúng
1. When ____________ the school?
A) have you joined
B) did you joined
C) did you join
D) have you ever joined
2. _____________ in England?
A) Did you ever worked
B) Have you ever worked
C) Worked you
D) Didn’t you have worked
3. That’s the best speech _________
B) I never heard
B) I didn’t hear
C) I used to hear
D) I’ve ever heard
4. He’s the most difficult housemate _____________________
A) I never dealt with.
B) I never had to deal with.
C) I’ve ever had to deal with.
D) I’ve never had to deal with
5. ______ to him last week.
A) I spoke
B) I’ve already spoken
C) I didn’t spoke
D) I speaked
6. _____a contract last year and it is still valid.
A) We have signed
B) We signed
C) We haven’t signed
D) We have sign
7. ______ from a business trip to France.
A) I come back
B) I came back
C) I never came back
D) I’ve just come back
8. Prices ________ in 1995 but then _____ in 1996.
A) rised _ falled
B) rose _ fell
C) have risen _ have fallen
D) rose _ have fallen
9. You ____________ to a word ____________
A) listened _ I haven’t said
B) didn’t listen _ I say
C) listened _ saying
D) haven’t listened _ I’ve said back
10. I can’t believe that ________________ the news.
A) you haven’t read
B) you didn’t read
C) you don’t read
D) you read not
Bài tập 5: Bài tập Hiện tại hoàn thành và Quá khứ đơn
- I………my Maths homework yesterday. (to do)
- ………Susan………to England by plane? (to go)
- They………a farm two weeks ago. (to visit)
- Jenny and Peggy………their brother. (not/to help)
- The children………at home last weekend. (not/to be)
- When………you………this wonderful skirt? (to design)
- My mother………into the van. (not/to crash)
- The boys………the mudguards of their bicycles. (to take off)
- ………you………your aunt last week? (to phone)
- He………milk at school. (not/to drink)
- The police………two people early this morning. (to arrest)
- She………to Japan but now she………back. (to go – to come)
- Dan………two tablets this year. (already/to buy)
- How many games………so far this season? (your team/to win)
- ………the CN Tower when you………in Toronto? (you/to visit – to stay)
- ………your homework yet? – Yes, I………it an hour ago. (you/to do – to finish)
- There………an accident in High Street, so we have to use King Street to get to your school. (to be)
- I………Peter since I………last Tuesday. (not/to see – to arrive)
- Frank………his bike last May. So he………it for 4 months. (to get – to have)
- 20) I’m sorry, I………earlier, but I………a lot lately. (not/to write – to work)
- Peter……… football yesterday.
- They……… the car. It looks new again.
- John and Peggy……… the book. Now they can watch the film.
- I……… my friend two days ago.
- We……… another country before.
- She……… a new car in 2011.
- I’m sorry, but I……… my homework.
- ……… the game of chess?
- The girls……… their lunch yet.
- I………my keys, so I can’t open that door. (to lose)
- Columbus………in the New World in 1492. (to arrive)
- Nina………her leg. She is still in hospital. (to break)
- He………here all his life. (to live)
- Colin………for Brazil this morning. (to leave)
- Last winter Robin………with his father in the Alps for three days. (to stay)
- Ellen………with her left hand. (always/to write)
- She………a language course in Paris last summer. (to do)
- ………anyone………yet? (to phone)
- I………Paul today, but I………him last Sunday.
Bài tập 6: Tìm lỗi sai và sửa lỗi trong các câu dưới đây
- I haven’t cutted my hair since last June.
- She has not working as a teacher for almost 5 years.
- The lesson haven’t started yet.
- Has the cat eat yet?
- I am worried that I hasn’t still finished my homework yet.
- I have just decided to start working next week.
- He has been at his computer since seven hours.
- She hasn’t received any good news since a long time.
- 9.My father hasn’t played any sport for last year.
- I’d better have a shower. I hasn’t had one since Thursday.
Bài tập 7: Viết lại các câu sau dựa trên các từ cho sẵn có sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành
- We/ not eat/ out/ since/ mom’s birthday.
- How/ long/ you/ live/ here?
- You/ ever/ been/ Russia?
- She/ not/ meet/ kids/ since Christmas.
- They/ repair/ lamps/ yet?
Bài tập 8: Điền “for” hoặc “since” vào chỗ trống dưới đây
1.I have used the laptop _____ two hours _____ 8 o’clock.
2. How many times have you read the book _____ you bought it?
3. I haven’t eaten meat _____ Friday.
4. We’ve known each other ______ ages.
5. Things have changed a lot ____ our previous meeting.
6. It’s three years ____ she started learning English.
7. Nobody has seen her _____ last week.
8. India has been independent ____ 1947.
9. He has driven a car ______ his birthday.
10. Tom has been married ____ five months.
Bài tập 9: Viết lại các câu sau theo nghĩa tương đương
- John moved into this apartment in 2005. (lived)
- Mai started to wear glasses when she was five. ( since)
- John bought this car two weeks ago. (owned)
- I haven’t seen him for a week. (The last time)
- She started to live in Ha Noi two years ago. (for)
- I have never eaten this kind of food before. (This is)
- I have never seen such a beautiful girl before. (She is)
- This is the best novel I have ever read. (before)
- I last had my hair cut in October. (I haven’t)
- The last time we went together was five months ago. (We haven’t)
- The last time I went to Singapore was two years ago. (It is / has been)
Bài tập 10: Đọc và viết lại câu với từ just, yet and already
1. John goes out. Five mintues later, the phone rings and the caller says ‘Can I speak to John”
You say: I’m afraid … (go out).
2. You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away.
You say: Wait a minute! … (not/finish)
3. You are going to a hotel tonight. You phone to seserve a table. Later your friend says, ‘Shall I phone to reserve a table’.
You say: No, … (do/it).
4. You know that a friend of yours is looking for a place to live. Perhaps he has been successful.
Ask her. You say: … ? (find).
5. You are still thinking about where to go for your holiday. A friend asks: “Where are you going fot your holiday?”
You say: … (not/decide).
6. Tom went to the bank, but a few mintues ago she returned.Somebody asks, “Is Tom still at the bank? ‘
You say: No, … (come back).
Đáp án
Bài tập 1
| 1 – have made | 1 – have made | 3 – have turned | 4 – Have .. paid | 5 – has taken |
| 6 – have finished | 7 – Have … eaten | 8 – hasn’t come | 9 – have worked | 10 – Have you ever been |
| 11 – haven’t done | 12 – have just seen – has already done | 13 – have just decided | 14 – has been | 15 – hasn’t had |
| 16 – hasn’t played | 17 – havent had | 18 – haven’t seen | 19 – have just realized | 20 – have gone |
| 21 – have .. known | 22 – have .. taken | 23 – Has … eaten | 24 – has lived | 25 – has loosen |
| 26 – has … left – has left | 27 – have bought | 28 – has written | 29 – have finished | 30 – hasn’t started |
Bài tập 2
- He hasn’t never gone abroad before.
- She has driven for 1 month.
- We have eaten since it started raining.
- I haven’t cut my hair since I left her.
- She has kissed me for 5 months.
- We haven’t met (each other) for a long time.
- How long have you had it?
- I haven’t never eaten such a delicious meal before.
- The last time I saw him was 8 days.
- It is …. days since I last took a bath.
Bài tập 3
| 1 – studied | 2 – have studied | 3 – watched | 4 – watched | 5 – travelled |
| 6 – travelled | 7 – have read | 8 – read | 9 – had | 10 – have had |
Bài tập 4
| 1 – C | 2 – B | 3 – D | 4 – C | 5 – C | 6 – B | 7 – D | 8 – B | 9 – D | 10 – A |
Bài tập 5
- I did my Maths homework yesterday.
- Did Susan go to England by plane?
- They visited a farm two weeks ago.
- Jenny and Peggy did not help their brother.
- The children were not at home last weekend.
- When did you design this wonderful skirt?
- My mother did not crash into the van.
- The boys took off the mudguards of their bicycles.
- Did you phone your aunt last week?
- He did not drink milk at school.
- The police arrested two people early this morning.
- She went to Japan but now she has come back.
- Dan has already bought two tablets this year.
- How many games has your team won so far this season?
- Did you visit the CN Tower when you stayed in Toronto?
- Have you done your homework yet? – Yes, I finished it an hour ago.
- There has been an accident in High Street, so we have to use King Street to get to your school.
- I have not seen Peter since I arrived last Tuesday.
- Frank got his bike last May. So he has had it for 4 months.
- I’m sorry, I have not written earlier, but I have worked a lot lately.
- Peter played football yesterday.
- They have cleaned the car. It looks new again.
- Last year we went to Italy.
- John and Peggy have just read the book. Now they can watch the film.
- I met my friend two days ago.
- We have never visited another country before.
- She bought a new car in 2011.
- I’m sorry, but I have forgotten my homework.
- Did you win the game of chess?
- The girls have not eaten their lunch yet.
- I have lost my keys, so I can’t open that door.
- Columbus arrived in the New World in 1492.
- Nina has broken her leg. She is still in hospital.
- He has lived here all his life.
- Colin left for Brazil this morning.
- Last winter Robin stayed with his father in the Alps for three days.
- Ellen has always written with her left hand.
- She did a language course in Paris last summer.
- Has anyone phoned yet?
- I have not seen Paul today, but I saw him last Sunday.
Bài tập 6
- cutted => cut
- working => worked
- haven’t => hasn’t
- eat => eaten
- hasn’t => haven’t
- Đúng
- since => for
- since => for
- for => since
- hasn’t => haven’t
Bài tập 7
- We haven’t eaten out since mom’s birthday.
- How long have you lived here?
- Have you ever been to Russia?
- She hasn’t met her kids since Christmas.
- Have they repaired the lamps yet?
Bài tập 8
| 1. for-since | 2. since | 3. since | 4. for | 5. since |
| 6. since | 7 since | 8. since | 9. since | 10. for |
Bài tập 9
- John has lived in this apartment since 2005.
- Mai has worn glasses since she was five.
- John has owned this car for two weeks.
- The last time I saw him was a week ago.
- She has lived/ has been living in Ha Noi for two years.
- This is the first time I have eaten this kind of food.
- She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
- I have never read such a good novel before.
- I haven’t had my hair cut since October.
- We haven’t gone together for five months.
- It is/ has been 10 years since I last went to Singapore.
Bài tập 10
2. he’s just gone out
3. I haven’t finished yet
4. I’ve already done it
5. Have you found a place to live yet?
6. I haven’t dicided yet
7. he’s just come back
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